Legal Environment of Business

pic B?BS Legal environment of business alkali Assignment Seminar leader Margit Racz Student spend a penny Nurl?n S. Kurm?l?y?v Contents 1. mental hospital.. .. . 3 2. The radical inn of Hungary.. .. .. . 3 1. bless.. .. 3 2. transaction tasks.. 3 3. Judicial magnate. .. . 4 3. The thoroughgoing order of the EU. . . 4 1. Legislation. . .. . 4 2. represent tasks.. . .. . 5 3. Judicial index finger. . .. 5 4. Conclusions (similarities + differences). . 6 5. Reference. 7 Introduction Aim law of nature is a trunk of rules usu al iodiny enforced through a set of refuges. It shapes politics, sparings and society in numerous ways and serves as a ancient social mediator of transaction between people. The aim of this assignment is to criticism and make comparative analysis of the perfect order of the Republic of Hungary and European trades union. prey of this work Give clear taste about the constitutional order of Hungary and European amount of money Highlight diff erences and similarities Make a conclusion The constitutional order of Hungary Legislation Hungarian parliament is unicameral, 386 fraction highest electronic organ of the state power who en accepteds the constitutional order of society and determines orientation, organization and conditions of authorities. Its members argon take for four-year term. The primary(prenominal) tasks atomic number 18 initiation immature impartialitys, draw and quartering reasoned philosophys, electing public persons and approving figure. sole(prenominal) fan tan has exclusive right to pass the honor.After passing the legalitys the Speaker of fantan sign the law and send it to hot seat of the Hungary. The President ensures promulgation of the law. Then the law must be promulgated in the Official Gazette. The briny tasks and responsibilities Passing the law Ensures the carrying out of the laws Electing public persons (President of the Republic, the choice government minister, the oecumenic Prosecutor, the members of the piece of musical tap, the President and Vice-Presidents of the State examine Board, the President of the Supreme Court and the ombudsmen) authorize budget Concluding world(prenominal) agreements Ensures the expanding upon of economical, cultural and social plans and control of their capital punishment Coordinates the work of national organs and ministries motion tasks Execution tasks are managed by Government. And this place divides into twain chthonianlying and local anaesthetic level. The central authority is central policy- reservation and its briny executive bodies. The members of the government are Prime look and the ministers. Role of the Prime Minister is very igh he is liable for all government policies including activities of other members of the government. As a mention above he choose by fantan. Other members also responsible for their works and must report on their activities to the fantan and Government itse lf. The principal(prenominal) tasks and responsibilities Initiating innovative laws commanding and supervising the legal operating theater of local government in cooperation with the Minister of the Internal Affairs Ensure the implementation of the law Directing and coordinating the work of the ministries and other central offices placed under its direct watch Formulating the social and economic policies, defining the state system of social welfare and health care services, and ensuring suitable funds for such services Controlling the armed forces operations Judicial power Hungarian justice is administered by the accosts. Aims of these courts are to protect the rights and law-abiding interests of citizens, ensure constitutional order and punish the perpetrators of criminal offences. fair play of the decisions of public administration is also administer by courts.Court system in the Republic of the Hungary divides into two 1. Ordinary courts, 2. picky courts. The or dinary courts are directd on four levels the Judgment Boards, the Court of the majuscule and the county courts, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Hungary and the put up but not the least is local courts. The constitutional order of European man and wife Legislation There are two bodies responsible for the legislative tasks in the EU. foremost wholeness is TheCouncil of the European coupler(officially theCounciland usually referred to as theCouncil of Ministers) is the principal ecision-making insertionof theEuropean Union. The Council is composed of twenty-sevennational ministers. The primary bearing of the Council is to act as one of the two chambers of theEUs legislative section. The Council is the chief(prenominal) law-making body of the EU (on the initiative of the care and in co-decision with the European sevens). The Council is based in Brussels, but meets at fixed intervals in Luxembourg. Second body responsible for legislative task is European Parliament. Th eEuropean Parliamentis the at one time electedparliamentaryinstitution of theEuropean Union.Its essential function is to let out the will of the Unions citizen in the Community decision-making process hand-in-hand with the Council, representing the interests of the division States. in concert with the Council of the European Union, it forms thebicamerallegislative branch of the EUand has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world. The Parliament is composed of 736 particle of the European Parliament. It has been directly elected every five geezerhood byuniversal suffrage. Also the Parliament shares budgetary powers with the Council. It is situated in Strasbourg.The main tasks and responsibilities The Council Adopts the annual European Union budged with the European Parliament Determines European rushs internal and remote policy Coordinating actions and policies of the Member States Represents EU in relations with states and international organizat ions and signs international treaties on behalf of the EC The Parliament Enacts the EU legislation Adopts the EU budget (with the Council) Shares concluding decision on most proposals with Council (co-decision procedure) commendation of international agreements Political control and supervision of the thrill Political control of the Council in external relations by talent assent to all international treaties gestural by the Council on behalf of the EC Execution tasks Execution tasks of theEuropean Union are handling by theEuropean Commission. The Commission is independent of national governments. Main purpose is to represent and uphold the interests of the Union in world(a). The Commission is responsible for implementing the decisions of Parliament and the Council.In two words Commission managing the general day-to-day running of the Union care implementing its policies, running its economical, cultural and social plans, outlay its funds and so long. The Commission operat es as acabinet government, with 27Commissioners (one per state). The Commissioners and their warm teams are based inBrussels. The main tasks and responsibilities Propose legislation to European Parliament and European Council Implements European policies and programs Executes the European budget Oversees policies of the MS Enforce European law (jointly with the Court of justice) Administrate external affairs Judicial power TheEuropean Court of Justice is thehighest courtin the European Union in matters ofEuropean Union law. Its main purpose is to make sure that European legislation is interpreted and employ in the same way in all European countries, so that the law is decent for everyone. The European Court of Justice was established in 1952 and is based inLuxembourg. The ECJ comprises one reckon from each Member State, nominated by national governments and institute by the common accord of the governments of the Member States.The judges select one member to be the Presid ent for three years. The main tasks and responsibilities In cooperation with the national courts unifying interpretation of European law through introductory ruling procedure Adjudicates actions filed against European institution or Member State Adjudicates legal disputes between the European employees and European institutions Conclusions (similarities + differences) The equivalence of Hungarian and European legislative bodies shows that in Hungary save one legislative authority (the Parliament) and in European Union two (the Council and the Parliament).However their tasks and responsibilities are almost same, with any(prenominal) specific aspects. In Hungarian Parliament all members are elected by citizens, while in European Union only Parliaments members are elected by citizens of Member States. Further I demand to consider differences and similarities of the executive power of Hungary and European Union. Main difference is their competences, in Hungary Government get a longs the law while European Commission only supervising this process.But general Government of Hungary and European Commission execute almost the same government tasks (approving the budget, implementing policies and programs and so long). Judicial power of the Hungary aimed to protect the rights and lawful interests of citizens, ensure constitutional order and punish the perpetrators of criminal offences. This court divides into ordinary court and special court. And European Court of Justices is tasked with translation European Union law and ensuring its equal application across allEuropean member states. It is composed of one judge per member state currently 27.In conclusion I want to secernate that differences in structure and organization of legislation, exertion and judicial power are coming from the point that Hungary as a iodine country must organize such processes only for themselves, taking into written report only their interests. And European Union must organize t hose processes for whole Union taking into account interests of all Member States. E. g. Law making process in European Union is complicated. Because it must involves the interests of the member states in the Council and the Parliament, with the interests of the Commission.This is a reason why the constitutional order of the European Union is bigger and more than complicated. Reference 1. Nigel Foster (2008) EU Law Directions. OUP Oxford Press. 2. Philip Norton (2003) National parliaments and the European Union, managerial Law, vol. 45, issue 5/6, page 5-25 The Constitution of the Republic of Hungary online. Accessed 9th April 2010. operational from World gigantic entanglement 3. Summaries of EU legislation online. Accessed tenth April 2010. Available from World Wide Web 4. The European Union online. Accessed 10th April 2010. Available from World Wide Web http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/European_Union